A rare case of H-type tracheoesophageal fistula associated with congenital oesophageal stenosis

Abstract

H-type tracheoesophageal fistula (TOF) occurring in conjunction with congenital oesophageal stenosis (CES) is an infrequently reported condition. We present such a case in an infant with respiratory difficulty since birth. This report displays the challenges in diagnosis and the subsequent surgical management of this complex anomaly. A staged surgical approach, prioritising surgical ligation of the TOF followed by balloon dilatation of the CES proved to be effective with a favourable outcome.