The epidemiological characteristics of major trauma in Pietersburg and Mankweng hospitals, Limpopo province

Abstract

Background: Data on trauma burden and outcome varies amongst the nine South African Provinces. In Limpopo Province there is a paucity of data which this study aimed to quantify and characterise the severe trauma burden in the province. 

Methods: A retrospective chart review for all patients with injury severity score (ISS) > 16 over a 6-year period (Jan 2015–Dec 2020) at two central hospitals in Limpopo province. Descriptive analysis was undertaken of the following variables: patient demographics, injury patterns and outcomes.

Results: The review identified 355 patients whose mean age was 31 years (Range 0.25–74 years). Eighty four per cent were males. Forty nine per cent were unemployed. The most common mechanisms of injury were interpersonal violence 49 % and motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) 34.9%. Head (41%), torso (25%) and limbs (15.2%) were the body-regions most frequently involved. The median ISS was 16 with IQR (16–16) (0). The median length of stay was 7 days with IQR (5–15) (10). Of the ICU admissions 50% were MVCs and 56% due to head injury. Of the 50 deaths 50% were due to MVC and pedestrian vehicle crashes (PVCs), and head injuries were present in 54% of those who died.

Conclusion: Young males were the most predominantly affected. Assault and MVC were the most common mechanisms of injury. The unemployment rate also seems to be a key factor in trauma epidemiology in the province. Further study of the wider trauma burden is required.