Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of healthcare workers on adverse drug reaction reporting in a government hospital in Botswana

Abstract

Background: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are a significant concern in health care, affecting patient safety and healthcare costs. Active surveillance through spontaneous reporting (SR) by healthcare professionals (HCPs) is essential for identifying and managing ADRs. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of HCPs at a government hospital in Botswana regarding ADR reporting.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using stratified random sampling. Knowledge was operationalised as prior use of an ADR reporting form, chosen as a practical indicator of familiarity with reporting procedures. Attitudes and perceptions were measured using Likert-scale items, with internal consistency assessed using Cronbach’s α. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and Pearson Chi-square test.

Results: Of the 260 distributed questionnaires, 133 were completed (51% response rate). Response rates varied across strata, with pharmacy staff accounting for a smaller proportion of respondents. While 26.3% of participants reported prior training, 39.8% had used an ADR reporting form. A significant association was observed between encountering an ADR and reporting it (χ² = 42.62, df = 1, p < 0.0001). ADR reporting was rated as highly important (M = 4.67, SD = 0.63), and perceptions reflected moderate agreement with positive views of reporting (M = 3.07, SD = 1.17). Workload (21.8%) and poor communication (5.3%) were cited as barriers, and 22.8% supported regular workshops to improve reporting.

Conclusion: The study revealed a lack of knowledge on ADR reporting among HCPs, leading to underreporting. Despite positive attitudes, factors like workload and communication challenges hinder reporting. Continuous training and workshops are recommended to improve HCPs’ reporting skills and promote pharmacovigilance. Integrating digital tools could simplify ADR reporting, reduce barriers, and improve communication among HCPs and regulators.