Topical treatment options for the management of allergic conjunctivitis

Abstract

Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is a common ocular condition that affects individuals of all ages but is particularly prevalent among those with atopic tendencies. It is a hypersensitivity reaction to environmental allergens such as pollen or animal dander. Ocular symptoms include itching (a hallmark symptom of AC), tearing, redness, and chemosis. While it is not a vision-threatening condition, AC can cause significant discomfort and impair quality of life. Management begins with allergen avoidance and non-pharmacological measures such as cold compresses and lubricating eye drops. First-line pharmacological treatment of seasonal and perennial AC typically involves topical antihistamines with mast cell stabilising properties which provide rapid symptom relief and long-term mast cell stabilisation.