Iron deficiency anaemia: Managing symptoms and supporting self-care. 2024 - Part 1

Abstract

Anaemia is a global public health concern, affecting individuals of all ages and demographic groups, with implications for health, morbidity and mortality. It stems from many factors, including diet, chronic illnesses, infections, hereditary blood disorders and other conditions related to blood loss and reduced haemoglobin levels. While anaemia manifests as decreased haemoglobin or haematocrit levels, iron deficiency anaemia is the most prevalent type, and iron is a crucial element for growth and development and a component of haemoglobin.

In 2022, the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) explored the role of pharmacists in anaemia management, emphasising the need for an educational guide to support pharmacists, particularly in addressing iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). IDA, which affects 1.2 billion individuals worldwide, is preventable and treatable, highlighting the importance of early detection. Pharmacists, as accessible healthcare providers, bear a critical responsibility to educate patients, tailored to factors like age, sex, underlying conditions and the causes of IDA, encompassing self-care interventions and various management approaches. Pharmacists can promote a holistic approach to self-care and can support mitigation of the impact of this condition on overall health and well-being.

This handbook aims to provide a comprehensive guide for pharmacists to manage iron deficiency anaemia effectively, including for more vulnerable populations. It equips pharmacists with information on treatment options, managing special populations, screening and preventive measures for IDA. Nutrition, emphasising iron-rich diets and physical activity, is also described.

Addressing other types of anaemia is equally important, necessitating the identification and tailored treatment of their underlying causes. This handbook only covers anaemia treatment and management due to iron deficiency; there remains a need to further develop resources and guidelines for the management of other types of anaemia.

Further professional programmes designed to enhance pharmacists’ competence in managing IDA, such as in a format of workshops, self-directed learning opportunities, or continuing professional development courses, are recommended. Collaboration with national professional leadership bodies would facilitate the organisation of workshops, self-directed learning initiatives, and the sharing of best practices.

In conclusion, this handbook serves as an invaluable resource for pharmacists in managing IDA, underpinning the importance of pharmacists’ role in screening, managing, treating, patient education and holistic self-care practices. It is recommended to accompany this handbook with further CPD and resources for other types of anaemia.