Beat the itch: allergic conjunctivitis and its management

Abstract

Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) includes a range of conditions triggered by allergens found in the environment, and specifically affecting the eyes. Because patients do not seek medical assistance, and most prefer to treat with over-the-counter medicines, accurate diagnosis is often not possible. AC typically does not impair vision; however, the symptoms can diminish quality of life. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are crucial to enhance patients' quality of life, reduce recurrence rates, and prevent potential complications. AC typically affects both eyes and is characterised by common symptoms and signs such as itching, sensation of having a foreign body in the eye, watery or mucus-like discharge, redness of the conjunctiva, and reaction involving papillae on the inner surface of the eyelid. The primary goal of non-pharmacological management is the avoidance of allergens. Pharmacological management includes the administration of topical antihistamines, vasoconstrictors, mast-cell stabilisers and anti-inflammatory agents. The correct way of administering the eye drops to the eye is important, and the pharmacist may play a crucial role in educating patients.