PROJECTING CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE DIGITAL AGE: ANALYSING CYBERSECURITY THREATS AND COUNTERMEASURES
Keywords:
Adaptive strategies, Countermeasures, Critical infrastructure, Cybersecurity, Digital AgeAbstract
This study explored the concerns surrounding infrastructure and cybersecurity in the South
African construction industry (SACI), revealing significant apprehension regarding the impact
of cybersecurity threats on infrastructure resilience. A quantitative research approach was
employed, involving the distribution of 86 structured questionnaires to key construction
stakeholders, including architects, engineers, builders, and quantity surveyors, alongside
cybersecurity experts. The data collection process spanned four months and utilized random
sampling techniques to ensure diverse participation. Data analysis incorporated descriptive
statistics, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and non-parametric tests such as the KaiserMeyer-Olkin (KMO) measure and Bartlett's test of sphericity to validate the results. The
findings revealed that two-factor authentication emerged as the most effective cybersecurity
practice, followed by one-time passwords, firewalls, and encryption techniques. Other
important practices included utilizing threat intelligence, adopting a comprehensive and
strategic cybersecurity approach, and implementing incident preparedness plans. The study
highlighted the dynamic, evolving, and sophisticated nature of cybersecurity threats,
necessitating adaptive and responsive countermeasures. Ongoing research, continuous
innovation, and proactive strategies are essential to maintaining infrastructure resilience in the
face of emerging digital threats. Additionally, continuous cybersecurity training, education, and
awareness programs tailored for construction stakeholders are crucial for mitigating potential
risks. Furthermore, the study emphasised the importance of fostering collaboration between
government agencies, infrastructure operators, construction professionals, and cybersecurity
experts to develop and implement effective, adaptive cybersecurity strategies. The
contribution of the study lies in its focus on protecting critical infrastructure by addressing
cybersecurity challenges, thereby ensuring that the systems supporting modern society
continue to function efficiently, safely, and without disruption.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Seyi Stephen, Clinton Aigbavboa, Ayodeji Oke, Opeoluwa Akinradewo
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