ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INFRASTRUCTURE PUBLIC– PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS USING A PPP EQUILIBRIUM FRAMEWORK
Keywords:
Public-private partnerships, Equilibrium framework, Infrastructure development, SustainabilityAbstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of public-private partnerships (PPPs) as
infrastructure development strategies by using a novel PPP Equilibrium Framework, which evaluates
PPPs based on their ability to generate outcomes that benefit the interests of society, the state, and
private entities. The methodology followed a case study analysis using the PPP Equilibrium Framework.
The case studies included the Gautrain Rapid Rail Link, Tanesco Power Purchasing Agreement, Dakar-
Diamniadio Toll Road, and Maputo Port. The findings show that PPP effectiveness and long-term
sustainability are strongest when projects maintain balanced outcomes that satisfy the interests of the
state, private sector, and society, particularly across fiscal sustainability, service delivery performance,
and socio-economic development objectives. The study faced limitations in sourcing data on PPP project
outcomes, as most projects lack social and economic impact analyses, which reduced the number of
usable case studies and constrained the analysis to only the available outcome-based data. Practical
implications are provided for policymakers to use the framework as a guide for structuring PPP projects
and as a tool for assessing their potential effectiveness. Importantly, the framework highlights the need
for balanced governance arrangements, transparent accountability mechanisms, and robust monitoring
systems to ensure that PPPs deliver sustainable value. This study therefore contributes to the broader
discourse on infrastructure governance by offering a structured approach to evaluating PPPs and by
emphasizing the importance of aligning project outcomes with long-term developmental priorities.
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