The Association Between Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Cardiopulmonary Health Around the Kriel Coal-Powered Station of Mpumalanga, South Africa

Abstract

Air pollution, particularly from particulate matter (PM), has emerged as a critical public health concern globally, with significant implications for respiratory and cardiovascular health. This study investigates the relationship between particulate matter (PM) air pollution and the incidence of cardiopulmonary conditions in the Kriel community, located near the Eskom Kriel coal-power station in Mpumalanga, South Africa. A quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive design was employed, analysing health records from 62 patients at the Kriel Community Health Centre (CHC) from January 1 to June 30, 2017. Data on ambient PM levels, specifically PM₁₀ and PM_2.5, were collected from the Kriel village air monitoring station during the same period. The findings revealed a significant association between elevated PM levels and the prevalence of respiratory conditions, with asthma being the most common diagnosis, particularly among individuals aged 30-34 and 50-54. The study noted higher incidences of asthma in females compared to males and indicated that meteorological factors, such as low rainfall and temperature inversions, may exacerbate pollution effects. Despite limitations, including a small sample size and challenges in diagnosing respiratory conditions in children, the study underscores the urgent need for enhanced air quality management and public health interventions to mitigate the health risks associated with PM exposure. The findings contribute to the understanding of air pollution's health impacts in under-resourced settings and provide evidence for policy recommendations aimed at improving air quality and protecting community health.